Studies about Racial Bias in Education

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Teaching Tolerance – Diversity, Equity, Justice (website of educational materials and articles)
by Southern Poverty Law Center
Their definition of tolerance – “Tolerance is respect, acceptance and appreciation of the rich diversity of our world’s cultures, our forms of expression and ways of being human…Tolerance is harmony in difference. It is not only a moral duty, it is also a political legal requirement. Tolerance, the virtue that makes peace possible, contributes to the replacement of the culture of war by culture of peace.” – UNESCO, 1995.
www.tolerance.org

The website above contains materials about many social justice issues! Here are some pages about racial justice:

Racial Healing materials:
https://www.tolerance.org/topics/race-ethnicity

Professional development:
http://www.tolerance.org/sites/default/files/general/Lets_Talk_Resources.pdf

Current Teaching Tolerance magazine (see the first article!):
https://www.tolerance.org/magazine/spring-2018


UnityWorks.org
is a foundation that provides training, tools and resources to school districts who want to reduce racial bullying and to recognize that diversity is a strength! UnityWorks is located in Yakima, WA, and here’s a news article about their work:

Program fostering unity in Yakima schools drawing wider attention
https://www.yakimaherald.com/news/education/program-fostering-unity-in-yakima-schools-drawing-wider-attention/article_60e53bb6-3de7-11e7-8c4c-9f7ed04c7c07.html

UnityWorks has some free and low-cost educational materials available here:

free-downloads (requires a login; PPT#1 for kids is a free download. The other PPTs and PDF downloads are free to purchasers of the Teaching Unity book.)

https://www.unityworks.org/bookstore (Under “Talk About Race”, the PDF on “Overcoming Prejudice” is free)

Educational Racism: Findings from Current Research
Compiled by Dr. Erin Ambrose, William Jessup University, 2017
https://www.globalmarketplace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Educational-Racism.pdf

Resource Guide for White Teachers and Parents Developing Consciousness and Moving into Action
Compiled by Christine Saxman, a National SEED Project facilitator
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1i-zXLbRAHFTRWZtBTP48kcBGz2eihK87e01eSxxRFPo/edit?fbclid=IwAR0hTOItQk_rzKW_v-2PQwuHeDOFI5ifMXO_0Fj34FMXAo4m3P68NWNUH4A

Facing History and Ourselves
Through rigorous historical analysis combined with the study of human behavior, Facing History’s approach heightens students’ understanding of racism, religious intolerance, and prejudice; increases students’ ability to relate history to their own lives; and promotes greater understanding of their roles and responsibilities in a democracy.
https://www.facinghistory.org/

Speak Up: Opening A Dialogue with Youth About Racism
by USC Rossier’s online master’s in school counseling program
The USC Rossier School of Education created Speak Up: Opening A Dialogue with Youth About Racism as a resource to help facilitate discussions about identity, inequality, and education for children of color. In the resource, you’ll find six interactive graphs demonstrating the disparities black and brown children face in the world around them, which make it difficult for them to excel in the classroom. In addition, this resource acknowledges the uncertainty some teachers may face when trying to address race in the classroom and highlights four key things teachers should do when beginning this important conversation.
https://rossieronline.usc.edu/youth-and-racism/

WHY CONVERSATIONS ABOUT RACISM BELONG IN THE CLASSROOM
see the “How to Address Race in the Classroom” section
https://rossieronline.usc.edu/youth-and-racism/racism-in-the-classroom

Teaching Young Children About Bias, Diversity, and Social Justice
Use young children’s understanding of differences to teach social justice through age-appropriate literature, news stories, anti-bias lessons, familiar examples, and problem solving…Young children have a keen awareness of and passion for fairness. They demand right over wrong, just over unjust. And they notice differences without apology or discomfort…The good news is that bias can be unlearned or reversed if we’re exposed to diversity in a positive way.
https://www.edutopia.org/blog/teaching-young-children-social-justice-jinnie-spiegler

Curriculum As Window and Mirror
This article from the National SEED Project is about “windows and mirrors” as a key concept underlying the diversity curriculum for teachers and parents — invaluable in promoting diversity and inclusion.
https://www.nationalseedproject.org/Key-SEED-Texts/curriculum-as-window-and-mirror

A Landmark Lawsuit Aimed to Fix Special Ed for California’s Black Students. It Didn’t.
Before the Larry P. case, California education code required school districts to use IQ scores when assessing students for special education.  Based on the test results, black students statewide wound up categorized as “educable mentally retarded” at disproportionate rates: 27% labeled that way in 1968 were black — even though black students made up less than 9% of the student body.  The case was supposed to help fix a system he had deemed discriminatory.  But many educators, black parents and advocates for black students say plenty remains broken.
https://www.kqed.org/news/11781032/a-landmark-lawsuit-aimed-to-fix-special-ed-for-californias-black-students-it-didnt

CNN Kids on Race: The Hidden Picture
Anderson Cooper interviews children and teens on their attitudes on race and how they form their opinions on race.
https://youtu.be/9OKgUdQF-Fg

Ladder of Inference – decision-making
by Chris Argyris and Pete Senge
The Ladder of Inference provides insight into the mental processes that occur within the human brain. It describes the perception starting from senses to the series of mental steps that need to be taken to work towards an action.
https://www.toolshero.com/decision-making/ladder-of-inference/

National Geographic Resource Library Activity: All Africans under the Skin
Students discuss how genetic evidence that all humans are related might affect personal and political relationships.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/activity/all-africans-under-the-skin/

They were raised to be ‘colorblind’ — but now more white parents are learning to talk about race
A quote from the article:  “If you tell a black person you don’t see that they’re black, you’re saying you don’t notice a big piece of their life experience,” she says, “and no one wants to be overlooked in that way.”
https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/on-parenting/they-were-raised-to-be-colorblind–but-now-more-white-parents-are-learning-to-talk-about-race/2019/02/26/02dfc976-3072-11e9-813a-0ab2f17e305b_story.html

Anti-Bias Curriculum Guides
Use our elementary, middle and high school curriculum guides to promote safe, respectful and inclusive classroom environments.
https://www.adl.org/education/resources/tools-and-strategies/anti-bias-curriculum-guides#.VwQXO_krLcs

Raising Race Questions: Whiteness & Inquiry in Education
by Ali Michael, 2015
http://www.amazon.com/Raising-Race-Questions-Whiteness-Practitioner/dp/0807755990/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1422310908&sr=1-1&keywords=Raising+Race+Questions%3A+Whiteness+%26+Inquiry+in+Education&pebp=1422310909544&peasin=807755990

Educating Everybody’s Children: Diverse Teaching Strategies for Diverse Learners, Revised and Expanded Second Edition
by Robert Cole, 2008
http://www.amazon.com/Educating-Everybodys-Children-Teaching-Strategies/dp/1416606742/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1423436059&sr=1-1&keywords=educating+everybody%27s+children+diverse+teaching+strategies+for+diverse+learners+revised+and+expanded+2nd+edition

Predicting Academic Achievement from Classroom Behaviors
by Cynthia Flynt, 2008
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09162008-100711/unrestricted/Dissertation4.pdf

The Science of Equality, Volume 1: Addressing Implicit Bias, racial and Stereotype Threat in Education and Health Care
by PERCEPTION INSTITUTE HAAS, 2014
(ideas for ways to change perception of stereotypes starts on page 44 Interventions):
http://perception.org/app/uploads/2014/11/Science-of-Equality.pdf

Financing California’s Public Schools 
by Public Policy Institute of California
What are the funding sources for California’s public schools?  Is per pupil funding based on property tax revenue or student need?  How does California’s per pupil funding compare with other states?
https://www.ppic.org/publication/financing-californias-public-schools/

Who Pays: Where California’s Public School Funds Come From
by Ed100.org – Ed100 is a free, self-paced online course that prepares you to make a difference in your school or school district.  This lesson provides details about how school funding works.  (If a “sign up” add pops up, you can close it and continue reading.)
https://ed100.org/lessons/whopays

Did you know that …

  • 62% of college undergraduates are white, but they receive 69% of private scholarships nationwide
  • 38% of college undergraduates are people of color, but they receive 31% of private scholarships nationwide
  • white students are 40% more likely to receive aid than students of color
    – source: Nolan L. Cabrera, University of Arizona, and finaid.org

Sacramento Bee article: “West Campus beats the odds again on new statewide tests” – October 17, 2015
South Sacramento school had highest local share of high schoolers meeting state math standards
http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/education/article39555531.html